Cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis muaj dej yuav tsum paub cov khoom siv dej tsis zoo tshaj plaws, koj paub, koj paub ntau npaum li cas?
Mar 04, 2024
Asphalt tuaj yeem muab faib ua thee tar suab, roj av asphalt thiab ntuj asphalt peb hom: thee tar suab yog cov khoom siv los ntawm coking. Petroleum bitumen yog cov seem tom qab distillation ntawm cov roj crude. Ntuj asphalt yog khaws cia hauv av, thiab qee qhov tsim cov pob zeb hauv av los yog sib sau ua ke ntawm lub ntiaj teb pob zeb. Asphalt feem ntau yog siv hauv txheej, yas, roj hmab thiab lwm yam kev lag luam nrog rau kev paving.
Hloov kho asphalt yog ib qho asphalt binder ua los ntawm kev ntxiv cov khoom ntxiv (modifiers) xws li roj hmab, resin, polymer, av roj hmab hmoov los yog lwm cov khoom ntim, lossis los ntawm kev ntsuas xws li kev ua haujlwm me me ntawm asphalt los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm asphalt lossis asphalt sib tov. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov kho asphalt muaj ob hom, ib qho yog hloov cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm asphalt, lwm qhov yog ua kom cov hloov kho sib npaug sib npaug hauv asphalt los tsim ib qho chaw sib koom ua ke.
Cov roj txias txias yog cov khoom ntawm diluting asphalt nrog diluent (gasoline, diesel, kerosene, benzene, thiab lwm yam). Nws feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub rau hauv qab ntawm qhov project waterproof, yog li nws yog hu ua txias hauv qab roj.
Polymer yog dab tsi? Macromolecules, tseem hu ua molecules loj, feem ntau yog xa mus rau cov molecules uas muaj qhov hnyav molecular ntau dua 10,000, uas yog tsim los ntawm ntau pua atoms txuas rau ib leeg los ntawm covalent bonds.
Dab tsi yog lub siab polymer, siab polymer yog polymer, yog ib chav kawm ntawm cov txheeb ze molecular loj feem ntau yog ntau tshaj 10 ~ 106 macromolecular tshuaj, tus naj npawb ntawm cov atoms uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub molecule feem ntau yog kaum txhiab, pua pua txhiab los yog txawm mus txog. lab ntawm molecules. Raws li qhov xwm txheej thiab kev siv cov khoom faib, cov polymers tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov yas, roj hmab thiab fiber ntau.
SBS yog dab tsi? SBS yog ib qho thermoplastic Styrene Butadiene styrene triblock copolymer (Styrene Butadiene styrene block polymer), hu ua thermoplastic styrene butadiene block copolymer los yog thermoplastic styrene butadiene roj hmab, hu ua SBS.
APP yog atactic polypropylene, hu ua APP, yog cov khoom los ntawm kev tsim cov polypropylene (isotactic polypropylene), raws li cov khoom khov, qhov nruab nrab molecular hnyav ntawm 3000-10000, qee zaum mus txog kaum tawm txhiab.
Synthetic roj hmab yog ib tug heev elastic polymer, kuj hu ua hluavtaws elastomer. Cov roj hmab hluavtaws feem ntau tsis zoo li cov roj hmab ntuj hauv kev ua haujlwm, tab sis nws muaj elasticity siab, rwb thaiv tsev, huab cua nruj, roj tsis kam, kub kub lossis kub tsis kam thiab lwm yam khoom, yog li nws yog dav siv hauv kev lag luam thiab kev ua liaj ua teb, kev tiv thaiv hauv teb chaws, kev thauj mus los thiab kev ua neej nyob txhua hnub.
Recycled roj hmab yog cov khoom siv roj hmab hauv kev tsim cov vulcanized ces kaum pov tseg raws li cov ntaub ntawv raw ua tiav rau hauv qee yam yas, tuaj yeem rov siv tau roj hmab, hu ua roj hmab rov siv dua.
Lub tshav kub tsis kam ntawm cov khoom siv yog hais txog cov cuab yeej uas cov khoom muaj peev xwm tswj tau nws lub cev zoo thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab raws li cov cua sov.
Huab cua tsis kam yog cov khoom siv xws li cov txheej, cov khoom siv yas, cov khoom siv roj hmab, thiab lwm yam, yog siv rau kev kuaj huab cua sab nraum zoov, xws li kev puas tsuaj los ntawm lub teeb, txias thiab kub, cua thiab nag, kab mob, thiab lwm yam., thiab nws qhov kev kam rau siab yog hu ua weather resistance.
Kev laus yog kev siv cov ntaub ntawv polymer hauv cov txheej txheem, vim yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov cua sov, oxygen, dej, lub teeb, cov kab mob, cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab lwm yam, cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer yuav raug hloov pauv, lub cev. cov khoom kuj yuav deteriorate raws li, xws li nyuaj, nplaum, nkig, discoloration, tsis muaj zog, thiab lwm yam. Cov kev hloov thiab tshwm sim no hu ua kev laus. Lub ntsiab ntawm kev laus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer yog kev hloov ntawm nws lub cev qauv lossis cov qauv tshuaj.
Tensile lub zog yog hais txog kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv uas cov khoom tsim ib tug loj uniform yas deformation. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tensile, qhov loj tensile kev nyuaj siab raug rau cov qauv mus txog rau thaum tawg yog lub tensile lub zog, thiab qhov tshwm sim yog qhia nyob rau hauv MPa.
Elongation yog qhov feem pua ntawm qhov ntev tau nce los ntawm ntu tus qauv kev ncua deb thiab qhov pib ntev ntawm cov qauv tom qab tawg ntawm cov khoom hauv kev sim tensile, uas yog hu ua elongation. Nws yog denoted los ntawm lub cim δ. Elongation qhia qhov loj ntawm plasticity ntawm cov khoom, qhov ntau dua qhov elongation, ntau dua cov yas. Elongation tseem hu ua elongation thiab elongation thaum so.
